XFM - The X File Manager (ver 1.3.2)
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(c) Simon Marlow 1990-1993 simonm@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk
(c) Albert Graef 1994, 1995 ag@muwiinfa.geschichte.uni-mainz.de
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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This is a powerful file and applications manager program written using the X
toolkit. It contains virtually all of the features that you would expect in a
file manager -- move around your directory tree in multiple windows, and move,
copy or delete files with simple mouse operations. Directory displays are
updated automatically in regular intervals when the contents of a displayed
directory changes. The integrated application manager allows you to load files
into your favourite applications from the file manager by dragging icons. It
can also be used as a "shelf" onto which you can place files and directories
you are currently working with. A special LOAD action for application files
enables you to manage different application groups.
User-definable file types allow you to specify a command to be executed when
double-clicking on a file or dropping other files onto it. The command can
also prompt you for required parameters. Xfm makes it easy to configure
special kinds of actions such as, e.g., replacing the contents of a compressed
tar archive with a collection of selected files. A lot of corresponding
examples can be found in the distribution, including a fully functional
trashcan feature. Last not least, xfm can automatically mount and unmount
special devices like floppies as you open and close the corresponding
directories (mount points). So you won't have to fiddle around with mount or
mtools commands any more if all you want to do is copy some files between the
hard disk and your floppy drive.
The original version of this program was written by Simon Marlow at the
University of Glasgow. I included Simon's README for reference purposes; see
README-1.2. [Most of the information in this file is outdated; please refer to
this README file and the man page for up-to-date installation and usage
instructions.]
Release 1.3 stems from my efforts to resolve some nasty bugs in the 1.2 beta
version distributed with Linux slackware, and to add XPM support for displaying
color icons in the file and application windows. As it came out, I also added a
plethora of other features to make xfm the tool I was looking for; see the
ChangeLog for details. Realizing that my private xfm version might be useful
for others as well, I contacted Simon and he told me to put together a new
release and make it available on the net. So here it is! I hope you will find
it as useful as I do -- I am now using xfm regularly, and can't imagine how I
ever did without it. I think that this program compares well to other free --
and even commercial -- file managers. It is fast, convenient to use, and offers
a lot of built-in functionality and configuration options. If you are not
addicted to the shell and like to shuffle around files with one hand in order
to perform tasks such as moving, copying, deleting, compiling, formatting,
archiving, compressing, etc. etc., then xfm is certainly for you.
Release 1.3.1 adds an automatic shell detection feature, which has been
contributed by Robert Vogelgesang (vogelges@rhrk.uni-kl.de). We hope that this
transparently fixes the problems with different shell argument passing
conventions which have been encountered with release 1.3. The configuration
files supplied with the package should now work with any popular shell -- if
not, set the new X resource Xfm.BourneShells; see the man page for details.
Release 1.3.2 adds a bunch of new features; the most important are listed
below:
* Improved support for creating symbolic links. The Link option now works
completely analogous to the Copy option; in particular, it is now possible
to create links for a selected set of files in a specified directory.
* Rearranging items in the application window, which used to be a pain in
earlier releases, is now a lot easier. Items in the application window
can now be moved and copied using drag and drop, and cut/copy/paste gives a
convenient way to move entries between different application files. There
also is a new option for installing application groups, and the Back and
Main buttons allow to navigate in the application group tree.
* "Magic headers," contributed by Juan D. Martin (juando@cnm.us.es). With
this feature it is now possible to identify file types by their mode and
contents in addition to the filename patterns. This is implemented using
a "magic" file format (see magic(5)) with some important extensions like
mode checking and regular expression matching. It also allows you to specify
custom icons for directories and executables in file windows. A sample
magic file is included. Also, Juan wrote a tiny program named xfmtype which
lets you determine the xfm magic type of a file.
* A Filter option for the View menu, contributed by Kevin Rodgers
(rodgers@lvs-emh.lvs.loral.com). This nice function allows you to restrict
the set of files displayed in a file window -- for instance, only display
*.c files.
* A View option for the file popup menu (accompanied by a VIEW action which
can be used in push actions), contributed by Scott Heavner
(sdh@falstaff.MAE.cwru.edu). This option works analogous to the Edit
option, but invokes a program for viewing a file (e.g. xless, available
from ftp.x.org).
* Default values in parameter dialogs, contributed by Brian King
(ender@ee.WPI.EDU). Using the %parameter--value% notation, you can now
specify default values for parameters in push and drop actions.
* Lots of new icons, and a new set of standard config files. Juan D. Martin
has compiled a comprehensive collection of fileicons. Take a look at the
contrib/fileicons directory.
* Besides this, I cleaned up the source tree, fixed some bugs, overhauled
Imakefiles and added an "Imake.options" file for easier customization.
Thanks to all who reported bugs and contributed patches!
Xfm 1.3 has been reported to compile and run successfully under Linux
0.99-1.1.91, BSDI 1.1, RS6000 with AIX 3.2.5 (using gcc), SUN workstations
running SunOS 4.1 and Solaris 2.3, HP700 with HPUX 9.01, DECstation with
Ultrix 4.3a, DEC Alpha with OSF/1, SGI Indigo with IRIX 4.0.5F and
5.2.
NOTE for SUN users and other people running ol[v]wm: In order to get double
clicks in xfm working, you may have to set olwm to the "focus-follows-mouse"
(rather than the "click-to-focus") mode. This can be done by setting the
SetInput resource to followmouse in your .OWdefaults file (see props(1)). In
click-to-focus mode double clicks in xfm won't work. I consider this a bug in
olwm, but if anybody has a fix to get double clicks working in click-to-focus
mode I'd like to hear about it.
Enjoy!
Albert Graef
ag@muwiinfa.geschichte.uni-mainz.de
A much more important factor in the social movement than those already mentioned was the ever-increasing influence of women. This probably stood at the lowest point to which it has ever fallen, during the classic age of Greek life and thought. In the history of Thucydides, so far as it forms a connected series of events, four times only during a period of nearly seventy years does a woman cross the scene. In each instance her apparition only lasts for a moment. In three of the four instances she is a queen or a princess, and belongs either to the half-barbarous kingdoms of northern Hellas or to wholly barbarous Thrace. In the one remaining instance208— that of the woman who helps some of the trapped Thebans to make their escape from Plataea—while her deed of mercy will live for ever, her name is for ever lost.319 But no sooner did philosophy abandon physics for ethics and religion than the importance of those subjects to women was perceived, first by Socrates, and after him by Xenophon and Plato. Women are said to have attended Plato’s lectures disguised as men. Women formed part of the circle which gathered round Epicurus in his suburban retreat. Others aspired not only to learn but to teach. Arêtê, the daughter of Aristippus, handed on the Cyrenaic doctrine to her son, the younger Aristippus. Hipparchia, the wife of Crates the Cynic, earned a place among the representatives of his school. But all these were exceptions; some of them belonged to the class of Hetaerae; and philosophy, although it might address itself to them, remained unaffected by their influence. The case was widely different in Rome, where women were far more highly honoured than in Greece;320 and even if the prominent part assigned to them in the legendary history of the city be a proof, among others, of its untrustworthiness, still that such stories should be thought worth inventing and preserving is an indirect proof of the extent to which feminine influence prevailed. With the loss of political liberty, their importance, as always happens at such a conjuncture, was considerably increased. Under a personal government there is far more scope for intrigue than where law is king; and as intriguers women are at least the209 equals of men. Moreover, they profited fully by the levelling tendencies of the age. One great service of the imperial jurisconsults was to remove some of the disabilities under which women formerly suffered. According to the old law, they were placed under male guardianship through their whole life, but this restraint was first reduced to a legal fiction by compelling the guardian to do what they wished, and at last it was entirely abolished. Their powers both of inheritance and bequest were extended; they frequently possessed immense wealth; and their wealth was sometimes expended for purposes of public munificence. Their social freedom seems to have been unlimited, and they formed combinations among themselves which probably served to increase their general influence.321 The old religions of Greece and Italy were essentially oracular. While inculcating the existence of supernatural beings, and prescribing the modes according to which such beings were to be worshipped, they paid most attention to the interpretation of the signs by which either future events in general, or the consequences of particular actions, were supposed to be divinely revealed. Of these intimations, some were given to the whole world, so that he who ran might read, others were reserved for certain favoured localities, and only communicated through the appointed ministers of the god. The Delphic oracle in particular enjoyed an enormous reputation both among Greeks and barbarians for guidance afforded under the latter conditions; and during a considerable period it may even be said to have directed the course of Hellenic civilisation. It was also under this form that supernatural religion suffered most injury from the great intellectual movement which followed the Persian wars. Men who had learned to study the constant sequences of Nature for themselves, and to shape their conduct according to fixed principles of prudence or of justice, either thought it irreverent to trouble the god about questions on which they were competent to form an opinion for themselves, or did not choose to place a well-considered scheme at the mercy of his possibly interested responses. That such a revolution occurred about the middle of the fifth century B.C., seems proved by the great change of tone in reference to this subject which one perceives on passing from Aeschylus to Sophocles. That anyone should question the veracity of an oracle is a supposition which never crosses the mind of the elder dramatist. A knowledge of augury counts among the greatest benefits222 conferred by Prometheus on mankind, and the Titan brings Zeus himself to terms by his acquaintance with the secrets of destiny. Sophocles, on the other hand, evidently has to deal with a sceptical generation, despising prophecies and needing to be warned of the fearful consequences brought about by neglecting their injunctions. The stranger had a pleasant, round face, with eyes that twinkled in spite of the creases around them that showed worry. No wonder he was worried, Sandy thought: having deserted the craft they had foiled in its attempt to get the gems, the man had returned from some short foray to discover his craft replaced by another. “Thanks,” Dick retorted, without smiling. When they reached him, in the dying glow of the flashlight Dick trained on a body lying in a heap, they identified the man who had been warned by his gypsy fortune teller to “look out for a hidden enemy.” He was lying at full length in the mould and leaves. "But that is sport," she answered carelessly. On the retirement of Townshend, Walpole reigned supreme and without a rival in the Cabinet. Henry Pelham was made Secretary at War; Compton Earl of Wilmington Privy Seal. He left foreign affairs chiefly to Stanhope, now Lord Harrington, and to the Duke of Newcastle, impressing on them by all means to avoid quarrels with foreign Powers, and maintain the blessings of peace. With all the faults of Walpole, this was the praise of his political system, which system, on the meeting of Parliament in the spring of 1731, was violently attacked by Wyndham and Pulteney, on the plea that we were making ruinous treaties, and sacrificing British interests, in order to benefit Hanover, the eternal millstone round the neck of England. Pulteney and Bolingbroke carried the same attack into the pages of The Craftsman, but they failed to move Walpole, or to shake his power. The English Government, instead of treating Wilkes with a dignified indifference, was weak enough to show how deeply it was touched by him, dismissed him from his commission of Colonel of the Buckinghamshire Militia, and treated Lord Temple as an abettor of his, by depriving him of the Lord-Lieutenancy of the same county, and striking his name from the list of Privy Councillors, giving the Lord-Lieutenancy to Dashwood, now Lord Le Despencer. "I tell you what I'll do," said the Deacon, after a little consideration. "I feel as if both Si and you kin stand a little more'n you had yesterday. I'll cook two to-day. We'll send a big cupful over to Capt. McGillicuddy. That'll leave us two for to-morrer. After that we'll have to trust to Providence." "Indeed you won't," said the Surgeon decisively. "You'll go straight home, and stay there until you are well. You won't be fit for duty for at least a month yet, if then. If you went out into camp now you would have a relapse, and be dead inside of a week. The country between here and Chattanooga is dotted with the graves of men who have been sent back to the front too soon." "Adone do wud that—though you sound more as if you wur in a black temper wud me than as if you pitied me." "Wot about this gal he's married?" "Don't come any further." "Davy, it 'ud be cruel of us to go and leave him." "Insolent priest!" interrupted De Boteler, "do you dare to justify what you have done? Now, by my faith, if you had with proper humility acknowledged your fault and sued for pardon—pardon you should have had. But now, you leave this castle instantly. I will teach you that De Boteler will yet be master of his own house, and his own vassals. And here I swear (and the baron of Sudley uttered an imprecation) that, for your meddling knavery, no priest or monk shall ever again abide here. If the varlets want to shrieve, they can go to the Abbey; and if they want to hear mass, a priest can come from Winchcombe. But never shall another of your meddling fraternity abide at Sudley while Roland de Boteler is its lord." "My lord," said Edith, in her defence, "this woman has sworn falsely. The medicine I gave was a sovereign remedy, if given as I ordered. Ten drops would have saved the child's life; but the contents of the phial destroyed it. The words I uttered were prayers for the life of the child. My children, and all who know me, can bear witness that I have a custom of asking His blessing upon all I take in hand. I raised my eyes towards heaven, and muttered words; but, my lord, they were words of prayer—and I looked up as I prayed, to the footstool of the Lord. But it is in vain to contend: the malice of the wicked will triumph, and Edith Holgrave, who even in thought never harmed one of God's creatures, must be sacrificed to cover the guilt, or hide the thoughtlessness of another." "Aye, Sir Treasurer, thou hast reason to sink thy head! Thy odious poll-tax has mingled vengeance—nay, blood—with the cry of the bond." HoME古一级毛片免费观看
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