1989.12.15: Nemacs Ver.3.2.1 (MUSUME-DOUJOUJI version)
1989.12.17: Nemacs Ver.3.2.1A (MUSUME-DOUJOUJI version with ANCHIN patch)
1989.12.22: Nemacs Ver.3.2.3 (YUMENO-AWAYUKI version)
1990.3.3: Nemacs Ver.3.3.1 (HINAMATSURI version)
1990.6.6: Nemacs Ver.3.3.2 (FUJIMUSUME version)
1992.3.4: Mule Ver.0.9.0 Beta
1992.3.23: Mule Ver.0.9.1 Beta
1992.4.6: Mule Ver.0.9.2 Beta
1992.4.18: Mule Ver.0.9.3 Beta
1992.5.28: Mule Ver.0.9.4 Beta
1992.7.31: Mule Ver.0.9.5 Beta
1992.8.5: Mule Ver.0.9.5.1 Beta
1992.10.27: Mule Ver.0.9.6 Beta
1992.12.28: Mule Ver.0.9.7 Beta
1993.1.22: Mule Ver.0.9.7.1 Beta
1993.6.14: Mule Ver.0.9.8 Beta
1993.8.1: Mule Ver.1.0 (KIRITSUBO) based on GNU Emacs 18.59
1994.2.8: Mule Ver.1.1 (HAHAKIGI) based on GNU Emacs 18.59
1994.8.6: Mule Ver.2.0 (UTSUSEMI) based on GNU Emacs 19.25
1994.11.2: Mule Ver.2.1 (YUUGAO) based on GNU Emacs 19.27
1994.12.28: Mule Ver.2.2 (WAKAMURASAKI) based on GNU Emacs 19.28
1995.7.24: Mule Ver.2.3 (SUETSUMUHANA) based on GNU Emacs 19.28
############################################################
0. INTRODUCTION
1. WHAT IS MULE
2. SUPPORTED LANGUAGES
3. SUPPORTED SYSTEMS
4. INSTALLATION
5. DOCUMENTS
6. DISTRIBUTION
7. NEWS GROUP AND MAILING LIST
8. MAIL SERVICE
9. MISC
############################################################
0. INTRODUCTION
This directory contains the distribution of Mule Ver.2.3.
Mule is free software distributed either as patches to GNU Emacs
(19.28) or as a complete tar file. You can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
your option) any later version.
Mule is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
1. WHAT IS MULE?
Mule is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs. It can
handle not only ASCII characters (7 bits) and ISO Latin-1 (8
bits), but also Japanese, Chinese, Korean (16 bits) coded in
the ISO2022 standard and its variants (e.g. EUC, Compound
Text). For Chinese there is support for both GB and Big5.
In addition, Thai (based on TIS620), Vietnamese (based on
VISCII and VSCII), Arabic, and Ethiopic are also supported.
A text buffer in Mule can contain a mixture of characters
from these languages. To input any of these characters, you
can use various input methods provided by Mule itself. In
addition, if you use Mule under some terminal emulator
(kterm, mterm, cxterm, or exterm), you can use any input
methods supported by the emulator.
2. SUPPORTED LANGUAGES
2.0 ENGLISH
Just type in. :-)
2.1 JAPANESE
It is strongly recommended to install Wnn4.108 or later.
EGG system bundled with Mule can communicate with jserver of
Wnn and provide you a very convenient Japanese inputting
method. Read `EGG (mule)' node in Info for the usage of
this system. You can run Mule as a client of X window, or
run it under some Japanese terminal (including such emulators
as kterm and mterm and exterm). In the latter case, you can
use any inputting methods supported by the terminal. Among
other inputting methods are:
EGG-SJ3, CANNA (bundled with Mule)
SKK, boiled-egg, mlh, tcode (in 'contrib' directory)
2.2 CHINESE
It is strongly recommended to install Wnn4.108 or later.
EGG system bundled with Mule can communicate with cserver of
cWnn and provide you a very convenient Chinese (GB)
inputting method. Read `EGG (mule)' node in Info for the
usage of this system. You can run Mule as a client of X
window, or run it under some Chinese terminal (including
such emulators as cxterm and mterm and exterm). In the
latter case, you can use any inputting methods supported by
the terminal.
QUAIL system (bundled with Mule) also provides several
inputting methods for:
GB: PINYIN, PINYIN_with_TONE, CCDOSPY, SW
Big5: PINYIN, ETZY, ZOZY
Read `Quail (mule)' node in Info for the usage of this system.
Subscribers of alt.chinese.text and alt.chinese.text.big
will find it very useful to use GNUS (news reader written in
Emacs lisp) with gnusutil.el (bundled with Mule). It
encodes/decodes HZ/zW encoding or Big5 to/from Mule internal
code automatically.
2.3 KOREAN
Korean inputting method is provided by QUAIL system (bundled
with Mule). Read `Quail (mule)' node in Info for the usage
of this system. The name of quail-package for Hangul is
`hangul' or `handle3'. You can run Mule as a client of X
window, or run it under Hangul terminal or mterm or exterm.
2.4 EUROPEAN
Many kinds of European character inputting methods are
provided by QUAIL system (bundled with Mule). For the
moment, QUAIL provides inputting methods for:
Latin1, Latin2,.. Latin5, Greek (ISO8859-7),
Hebrew (ISO8859-8), Cyrillic (ISO8859-5)
Read `Quail (mule)' node in Info for the usage of this
system. As for Hebrew, right-to-left writing is supported.
Consult `R2L (mule)' in Info.
The `lisp/iso-*.el' files have not been modified yet for
this version of Mule. Please use quail system instead.
2.5 THAI
Thai support based on TIS620 character set. The inputting
method is also provided by QUAIL system (bundled with Mule).
Read `quail (mule)' node in Info for the usage of this
system. The name of quail-package for Thai is `thai'. A
free font for TIS620 (12x29 dots) is also available in
`fonts/ETL.tar.gz'. To use the font with 12x24 ASCII font,
you should increase upper line-space by a command line
argument of "-lsp". Specify "5+0" as the argument.
2.6 VIETNAMESE
Vietnamese support is based on two-table-VISCII methods,
which divide VISCII's code table into two, lower-case and
upper-case. Mule can read/write any of VISCII, VIQR, VSCII.
The inputting method is also provided by QUAIL system
(bundled with Mule). Read `Quail (mule)' node in Info for
the usage of this system. The name of quail-package for
Vietnamese is `viet'. For X, you can use both VISCII and
VSCII fonts. A free font for VISCII is available in
`fonts/ETL.tar.gz' which is designed suitable for the use
with other ETL fonts.
2.7 ARABIC
Arabic and Persian are supported, but it uses special code
and fonts proper to Mule. To read and write Arabic text,
you need three fonts: etl16-arabic0.bdf (Arabic digits),
etl16-arabic1.bdf (narrow characters) and etl16-arabic2.bdf
(wide characters). These fonts are available in
`fonts/ETL.tar.gz' which is designed suitable for the use
with other ETL fonts. Read `Mule/Languages/Arabic Script
Languages' node in Info for the usage of arabic-mode.
2.8 IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)
A subset of IPA is available in Mule. You can use IPA
symbols by loading `lisp/quail/ipa.el'. The name of the
quail package for IPA is `ipa'. The file `fonts/ETL.tar.gz'
contains BDF files of IPA in 14, 16 and 24 dot. For the
usage of quail, read `Quail (mule)' node in Info.
2.9 ETHIOPIC
Ge'ez script (used in Ethiopic) is supported by the latest
release. Use Quail package `ethio' for inputting.
2.10 OTHER LANGUAGES
We are willing to support Devanagali as soon as we get
enough information on how they are supported in the other
softwares.
3. SUPPORTED SYSTEMS
Basically, Mule runs on any systems (and machines) on which
GNU Emacs runs. In addition, several systems (including
DOS, NT) are supported. See etc/MACHINES.
4. INSTALLATION
To install Mule, see INSTALL. Mule specific notices are surrounded by
lines and .
5. DOCUMENTS
For the moment, we have the following documents.
`etc' directory contains:
FAQ (for original GNU Emacs in English)
FAQ-NEW (new FAQ for original GNU Emacs in English)
FAQ-Mule (for Mule specific items in English)
FAQ-Mule.jp, FAQ-Mule.kr, FAQ-Mule.th
emacs.1 (man file for original GNU Emacs in English)
mule.1 (man file for Mule in English)
m2ps.1 (man file for m2ps -- Mule's text to PostScritp converter)
coco.1 (man file for coco -- Code converter)
`info' directory contains:
emacs (for original GNU Emacs in English)
mule (for Mule in English)
mule-jp (for Mule in Japanese)
egg-jp (for EGG in Japanese)
canna-jp (for CANNA in Japanese)
You may also find various documents under `doc' directory.
The file NEWFEATURE of the top directory is also very
important.
Since many of these documents (including this file) were
written by a non-native speaker of English (it's me), you
may find many curious expressions. Please correct them. In
addition, we are looking for volunteers who translate the
documents to Chinese, Korean, and the other languages.
For Vietnamese, the Viet-Std Group has kindly translated
some of these documents. Those are under the directory
`doc/viet', but not updated..
6. DISTRIBUTION
Mule is available by anonymous ftp from:
Japanese sites:
etlport.etl.go.jp [192.31.197.99]:/pub/mule
Manager: Ken'ichi HANDA
ftp.mei.co.jp [202.13.88.131]: /archive/free/gnu/emacs/Mule
Manager: Motohide Murakami
ftp.iij.ad.jp [192.244.176.50]:/pub/misc/mule
Manager: Takamichi MIYOSHI
U.S. sites:
ftp.cs.buffalo.edu [128.205.32.9]:/pub/mule
Manager: Rafhael Cedeno
Other foreign sites:
sh.wide.ad.jp [133.4.11.11]:/JAPAN/mule
Manager: Akira KATO
ftp.funet.fi [128.214.248.6]:/index/mule
Manager: Hannu Aronsson
cs.huji.ac.il [132.65.16.10]:/pub/gnu/mule
Manager: The System Group
As for a mail service, read the section 8.
Either ftp the complete tar file (mule-2.3.tar.gz), *or* if
you have an unmodified GNU Emacs 19.28 you can ftp just the
patch file (diff-19.28-2.3.gz) and apply that. If you find
a patch with version number higher than 2.3, apply that
also.
These directories contain several other useful files such as
X's fonts and contributed softwares. See the file `00README'.
We are looking for more ftp sites. If you can kindly
provide this service, please send mail to
mule-request@etl.go.jp.
7. NEWS GROUP AND MAILING LIST
Mule's main discussion is done on the newsgroup
fj.editor.mule in Japanese. For those who can't subscribe
this newsgroup, we provide mail<->news gateway service.
Please send request of this service to mule-request@etl.go.jp.
For those who don't speak Japanese, we are running two
mailing lists:
mule@etl.go.jp (for general discussion)
mule-vn@etl.go.jp (for Vietnamese)
In both of them, main language is English, but you can
send/receive any multilingual text supported by mule.
Before sending mails to the above addresses, you should join
the corresponding mailing list. Please send requests of
subscribing/unsubscribing to:
mule-request@etl.go.jp
saying which mailing list you want to join.
We are willing to create mailing lists specific to the other
languages if there are many requests.
We are running one more mailing list to test new version of
Mule on various platforms before the official release:
mule-jp@etl.go.jp (main language: Japanese)
All mails to the above mailing lists are also sent to
the members of this mailing list.
8. MAIL SERVICE
You can get Mule by sending request to:
mule-by-mail@etl.go.jp
This system analyzes only the Subject field of a mail header.
The acceptable format of Subject is:
Subject: filename mail-address
send the specified file to ,
The acceptable `filename' is one of the followings:
------------------------------------------------------------
diff-19.28-2.3 -- Patch for GNU Emacs 19.28, 36 files
diff-19.28-2.3.N -- Nth part of diff-19.28-2.3
-- N should be one of 01, 02 .. 36
ETL.tar -- Fonts for Laint1,Cyrillic,Greek,Thai,Viet..., 3 files
Chinese.tar -- Fonts for Chinese-GB (16/24) , 20 files
Japanese.tar -- Fonts for Japanese-JIS (14/16/24), 25 files
Korean.tar -- Fonts for Korean-KSC (16/24), 18 files
READMEDIR.tar -- Several documents about Mule, 3 files
lisp.tar -- Useful ELISP libraries in contrib directory, 5 files
HELP -- This message
------------------------------------------------------------
For instance, a mail with 'Subject: Chinese.tar me@etl.go.jp'
will send Chinese fonts divided into 20 files to .
The description alters on version up of Mule. You'd better
check the correct format by requesting HELP.
------------------------------------------------------------
Russian or Ukrainian sites should ask mail service to
postmaster@ts.kiev.ua, or
nib@ts.kiev.ua,
however, as far as I know, their system is not yet
automated.
9. MISC
9.1 PRINTING UTILITY
To print various characters supported by Mule, we provide a
program `m2ps' which will be installed automatically while
installing mule (just as etags, emacsclient). `m2ps'
converts Mule's text (*internal* coding-system) to
PostScript by using BDF files for getting glyphs of
characters. For more detail, try "man m2ps". If you want
to print a file of other coding-system (e.g. *junet*),
please use `any2ps' which is a front-end of `coco' and
`m2ps' and can handle a text of any coding-system. Read the
first two lines of `any2ps' for the usage.
9.2 CODE CONVERSION LIBRARY
To convert any codes supported by Mule, we provide a program
`coco' which will be installed automatically while
installing mule (just as etags, emacsclient). For more
detail, try "man coco".
9.2 CODE TRANSLATION LIBRARY
Translate character code of Chinese letters among GB, JIS,
KSC, Big5, CNS. Not yet supported.
---
Ken'ichi HANDA Electrotechnical Lab., JAPAN.
Satoru TOMURA Electrotechnical Lab., JAPAN.
Mikiko NISIKIMI Electrotechnical Lab., JAPAN.
Naoto TAKAHASHI Electrotechnical Lab., JAPAN.
A much more important factor in the social movement than those already mentioned was the ever-increasing influence of women. This probably stood at the lowest point to which it has ever fallen, during the classic age of Greek life and thought. In the history of Thucydides, so far as it forms a connected series of events, four times only during a period of nearly seventy years does a woman cross the scene. In each instance her apparition only lasts for a moment. In three of the four instances she is a queen or a princess, and belongs either to the half-barbarous kingdoms of northern Hellas or to wholly barbarous Thrace. In the one remaining instance208— that of the woman who helps some of the trapped Thebans to make their escape from Plataea—while her deed of mercy will live for ever, her name is for ever lost.319 But no sooner did philosophy abandon physics for ethics and religion than the importance of those subjects to women was perceived, first by Socrates, and after him by Xenophon and Plato. Women are said to have attended Plato’s lectures disguised as men. Women formed part of the circle which gathered round Epicurus in his suburban retreat. Others aspired not only to learn but to teach. Arêtê, the daughter of Aristippus, handed on the Cyrenaic doctrine to her son, the younger Aristippus. Hipparchia, the wife of Crates the Cynic, earned a place among the representatives of his school. But all these were exceptions; some of them belonged to the class of Hetaerae; and philosophy, although it might address itself to them, remained unaffected by their influence. The case was widely different in Rome, where women were far more highly honoured than in Greece;320 and even if the prominent part assigned to them in the legendary history of the city be a proof, among others, of its untrustworthiness, still that such stories should be thought worth inventing and preserving is an indirect proof of the extent to which feminine influence prevailed. With the loss of political liberty, their importance, as always happens at such a conjuncture, was considerably increased. Under a personal government there is far more scope for intrigue than where law is king; and as intriguers women are at least the209 equals of men. Moreover, they profited fully by the levelling tendencies of the age. One great service of the imperial jurisconsults was to remove some of the disabilities under which women formerly suffered. According to the old law, they were placed under male guardianship through their whole life, but this restraint was first reduced to a legal fiction by compelling the guardian to do what they wished, and at last it was entirely abolished. Their powers both of inheritance and bequest were extended; they frequently possessed immense wealth; and their wealth was sometimes expended for purposes of public munificence. Their social freedom seems to have been unlimited, and they formed combinations among themselves which probably served to increase their general influence.321 The old religions of Greece and Italy were essentially oracular. While inculcating the existence of supernatural beings, and prescribing the modes according to which such beings were to be worshipped, they paid most attention to the interpretation of the signs by which either future events in general, or the consequences of particular actions, were supposed to be divinely revealed. Of these intimations, some were given to the whole world, so that he who ran might read, others were reserved for certain favoured localities, and only communicated through the appointed ministers of the god. The Delphic oracle in particular enjoyed an enormous reputation both among Greeks and barbarians for guidance afforded under the latter conditions; and during a considerable period it may even be said to have directed the course of Hellenic civilisation. It was also under this form that supernatural religion suffered most injury from the great intellectual movement which followed the Persian wars. Men who had learned to study the constant sequences of Nature for themselves, and to shape their conduct according to fixed principles of prudence or of justice, either thought it irreverent to trouble the god about questions on which they were competent to form an opinion for themselves, or did not choose to place a well-considered scheme at the mercy of his possibly interested responses. That such a revolution occurred about the middle of the fifth century B.C., seems proved by the great change of tone in reference to this subject which one perceives on passing from Aeschylus to Sophocles. That anyone should question the veracity of an oracle is a supposition which never crosses the mind of the elder dramatist. A knowledge of augury counts among the greatest benefits222 conferred by Prometheus on mankind, and the Titan brings Zeus himself to terms by his acquaintance with the secrets of destiny. Sophocles, on the other hand, evidently has to deal with a sceptical generation, despising prophecies and needing to be warned of the fearful consequences brought about by neglecting their injunctions. The stranger had a pleasant, round face, with eyes that twinkled in spite of the creases around them that showed worry. No wonder he was worried, Sandy thought: having deserted the craft they had foiled in its attempt to get the gems, the man had returned from some short foray to discover his craft replaced by another. “Thanks,” Dick retorted, without smiling. When they reached him, in the dying glow of the flashlight Dick trained on a body lying in a heap, they identified the man who had been warned by his gypsy fortune teller to “look out for a hidden enemy.” He was lying at full length in the mould and leaves. "But that is sport," she answered carelessly. On the retirement of Townshend, Walpole reigned supreme and without a rival in the Cabinet. Henry Pelham was made Secretary at War; Compton Earl of Wilmington Privy Seal. He left foreign affairs chiefly to Stanhope, now Lord Harrington, and to the Duke of Newcastle, impressing on them by all means to avoid quarrels with foreign Powers, and maintain the blessings of peace. With all the faults of Walpole, this was the praise of his political system, which system, on the meeting of Parliament in the spring of 1731, was violently attacked by Wyndham and Pulteney, on the plea that we were making ruinous treaties, and sacrificing British interests, in order to benefit Hanover, the eternal millstone round the neck of England. Pulteney and Bolingbroke carried the same attack into the pages of The Craftsman, but they failed to move Walpole, or to shake his power. The English Government, instead of treating Wilkes with a dignified indifference, was weak enough to show how deeply it was touched by him, dismissed him from his commission of Colonel of the Buckinghamshire Militia, and treated Lord Temple as an abettor of his, by depriving him of the Lord-Lieutenancy of the same county, and striking his name from the list of Privy Councillors, giving the Lord-Lieutenancy to Dashwood, now Lord Le Despencer. "I tell you what I'll do," said the Deacon, after a little consideration. "I feel as if both Si and you kin stand a little more'n you had yesterday. I'll cook two to-day. We'll send a big cupful over to Capt. McGillicuddy. That'll leave us two for to-morrer. After that we'll have to trust to Providence." "Indeed you won't," said the Surgeon decisively. "You'll go straight home, and stay there until you are well. You won't be fit for duty for at least a month yet, if then. If you went out into camp now you would have a relapse, and be dead inside of a week. The country between here and Chattanooga is dotted with the graves of men who have been sent back to the front too soon." "Adone do wud that—though you sound more as if you wur in a black temper wud me than as if you pitied me." "Wot about this gal he's married?" "Don't come any further." "Davy, it 'ud be cruel of us to go and leave him." "Insolent priest!" interrupted De Boteler, "do you dare to justify what you have done? Now, by my faith, if you had with proper humility acknowledged your fault and sued for pardon—pardon you should have had. But now, you leave this castle instantly. I will teach you that De Boteler will yet be master of his own house, and his own vassals. And here I swear (and the baron of Sudley uttered an imprecation) that, for your meddling knavery, no priest or monk shall ever again abide here. If the varlets want to shrieve, they can go to the Abbey; and if they want to hear mass, a priest can come from Winchcombe. But never shall another of your meddling fraternity abide at Sudley while Roland de Boteler is its lord." "My lord," said Edith, in her defence, "this woman has sworn falsely. The medicine I gave was a sovereign remedy, if given as I ordered. Ten drops would have saved the child's life; but the contents of the phial destroyed it. The words I uttered were prayers for the life of the child. My children, and all who know me, can bear witness that I have a custom of asking His blessing upon all I take in hand. I raised my eyes towards heaven, and muttered words; but, my lord, they were words of prayer—and I looked up as I prayed, to the footstool of the Lord. But it is in vain to contend: the malice of the wicked will triumph, and Edith Holgrave, who even in thought never harmed one of God's creatures, must be sacrificed to cover the guilt, or hide the thoughtlessness of another." "Aye, Sir Treasurer, thou hast reason to sink thy head! Thy odious poll-tax has mingled vengeance—nay, blood—with the cry of the bond." HoME古一级毛片免费观看
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